A non-Darcy flow model for a non-cohesive seabed involving wave-induced instantaneous liquefaction

Prediction of wave-induced instantaneous (oscillatory or momentary) liquefaction is particularly important for the design offshore foundations. Most previous studies applied linear Darcy model to characterize porous flow in a seabed. This treatment was found cause fallacious tensile stresses non-cohesive In this study, overcome such shortcomings models, non-Darcy proposed based on Karush–Kuhn–Tucker (KKT) condition. KKT condition, primal constraint arises from fact that behavior does not exist seabed, while dual condition physical evidences pore-fluid velocity increases during liquefaction. The non-linearity present handled by Newton–Raphson method within standard finite element framework, without coding constrained variational principle. highlights convenience numerical implementation. difficulties treating nonlinearity dynamic permeability are also eliminated model. merits validated examining four treatments and two criteria. depth be roughly 0.73 times value